Operators in C++

What are Operators in C++?

Operators are special symbols that are used to perform operations on variables and values.

👉 In simple words:
Operators tell the compiler what action to perform.

Example:

int a = 10;
int b = 5;
int sum = a + b;

Here:

• + is an operator

• It adds a and b

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Types of Operators in C++

C++ operators are mainly divided into 8 types:

1. Arithmetic Operators

2. Relational Operators

3. Logical Operators

4. Assignment Operators

5. Increment and Decrement Operators

6. Bitwise Operators

7. Conditional (Ternary) Operator

8. Special Operators

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1️⃣ Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations.

Operator	Meaning	Example
+	Addition	a + b
-	Subtraction	a - b
*	Multiplication	a * b
/	Division	a / b
%	Modulus (remainder)	a % b

Example Program:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 3;
    cout << "Addition: " << a + b << endl;
    cout << "Subtraction: " << a - b << endl;
    cout << "Multiplication: " << a * b << endl;
    cout << "Division: " << a / b << endl;
    cout << "Remainder: " << a % b << endl;
    return 0;
}

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2️⃣ Relational Operators

Relational operators are used to compare two values.
They always return true (1) or false (0).

Operator	Meaning
==	Equal to
!=	Not equal
>	Greater than
<	Less than
>=	Greater than or equal
<=	Less than or equal

Example:

int a = 10, b = 5;
cout << (a > b);   // Output: 1 (true)

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3️⃣ Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditions.

Operator	Meaning
&&	Logical AND
`
!	Logical NOT

Example:

int a = 10, b = 5;

if (a > 5 && b < 10) {
    cout << "Condition is true";
}

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4️⃣ Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.

Operator	Example	Meaning
=	a = 10	Assign
+=	a += 5	a = a + 5
-=	a -= 5	a = a - 5
*=	a *= 5	a = a * 5
/=	a /= 5	a = a / 5

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5️⃣ Increment and Decrement Operators

These operators increase or decrease a value by 1.

Operator	Meaning
++	Increment
--	Decrement

Example:

int a = 5;
cout << ++a;  // Output: 6 (pre-increment)
cout << a++;  // Output: 6 (post-increment)

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6️⃣ Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators work on binary (bits).

Operator	Meaning
&	Bitwise AND
^	Bitwise XOR
~	Bitwise NOT
<<	Left shift
>>	Right shift

Example:

int a = 5, b = 3;
cout << (a & b);

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7️⃣ Conditional (Ternary) Operator

This operator is a short form of if-else.

Syntax:

condition ? expression1 : expression2;

Example:

int a = 10, b = 5;
int max = (a > b) ? a : b;
cout << max;

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8️⃣ Special Operators

sizeof Operator

Used to find the size of a variable.

cout << sizeof(int);

Comma Operator

Used to execute multiple expressions.

int a = (5, 10);

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Operator Precedence in C++

Operator precedence decides which operator is executed first.

Example:

int result = 10 + 5 * 2;

Output = 20 (because * has higher priority)

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✅ Advantages of Operators

• Makes code shorter

• Improves readability

• Saves time

• Easy to perform complex operations

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🔚 Conclusion

Operators are one of the most important concepts in C++.

Without operators, programs cannot perform calculations or logic.